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Make America Great Again: the Trump Presidency Badge

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American campaign slogan

Trump's "Make America Great Once again!" sign used during his 2016 presidential campaign before Trump selected Mike Pence as his vice presidential running mate

"Make America Great Over again" or MAGA ()[a] is a campaign slogan used in American politics popularized by Donald Trump in his successful 2016 presidential campaign. Ronald Reagan used the similar slogan "Let's Brand America Bang-up Again" in his successful 1980 presidential entrada. Bill Clinton also used the phrase in speeches during his successful 1992 presidential entrada and used it again in a radio commercial aired for his wife Hillary Clinton's unsuccessful 2008 presidential primary campaign. Douglas Schoen has called Trump's use of the phrase "probably the nigh resonant campaign slogan in recent history", citing majorities of Americans who believed that the country was in decline.[2] [iii]

The slogan became a pop culture miracle, seeing widespread use and spawning numerous variants in the arts, entertainment and politics, existence used by those who support and oppose the presidency of Donald Trump.

Since its popularization in the 2010s, the slogan is considered a loaded phrase. Multiple analytic journalists, scholars, and commentators link it to racism in the United States, regarding it as dog-whistle politics and coded linguistic communication.[4] [5] [vi] [7] The slogan was also at the center of ii events originally reported inaccurately in almost media outlets, the Jussie Smollett assault hoax and the January 2019 Lincoln Memorial confrontation.[8] [ix] [10] [11]

Apply before Donald Trump [edit]

Alexander Wiley [edit]

The phrase was get-go used by Republican senator Alexander Wiley in a speech at the third session of the 76th Us Congress in anticipation of the 1940 Usa presidential election: "What is the mode? Here is America. There are 130,000,000 of us. America needs a leader who tin can coordinate labor, upper-case letter, and management; who tin can give the human of enterprise encouragement, who can give them the spirit which volition beget vision. That will make America peachy over again."[12]

Barry Goldwater [edit]

The slogan was found in some advert associated with Barry Goldwater's unsuccessful 1964 presidential campaign.[13]

Ronald Reagan [edit]

"Permit'due south make America neat again" was famously used in Ronald Reagan's 1980 presidential campaign. At the time the The states was suffering from a worsening economy at habitation marked by stagflation and Reagan, using the state's economic distress as a springboard for his campaign, used the slogan to stir a sense of patriotism among the electorate.[xiv] [xv] [sixteen] [17] Inside his acceptance speech at the 1980 Republican National Convention, Reagan said, "For those without task opportunities, we'll stimulate new opportunities, particularly in the inner cities where they alive. For those who've abased hope, nosotros'll restore promise and nosotros'll welcome them into a great national crusade to brand America great over again."[xviii] [xix]

Bill Clinton [edit]

The phrase was also used in speeches[xx] past Pecker Clinton during his 1992 presidential campaign.[21] Clinton also used the phrase in a radio commercial aired for Hillary Clinton's 2008 presidential principal entrada.[22]

During the 2016 electoral campaign, Clinton suggested that Trump's version, used as a campaign rallying cry, was a message to white Southerners that Trump was promising to "requite you an economic system you lot had 50 years ago, and... move yous back up on the social totem pole and other people down."[23]

Christine O'Donnell [edit]

Christine O'Donnell'southward book almost her unsuccessful 2010 bid every bit the Republican nominee for a US Senate seat in Delaware was published past St. Martin's Press on August 16, 2011, as Troublemaker: Let's Do What Information technology Takes to Brand America Great Again.[24]

Use past Donald Trump [edit]

Donald Trump wearing a "Make America Great Again" cap during his 2016 presidential campaign

In December 2011, Trump made a statement in which he said he was unwilling to dominion out running as a presidential candidate in the hereafter, explaining "I must leave all of my options open because, higher up all else, we must brand America neat again."[25] Besides in December 2011, he published a book using as a subtitle the like phrase "Making America #one Again" – which in a 2015 reissue was inverse to "Make America Great Again!"[26]

Trump popularized the slogan "Make America Neat Once more" past stitching it onto his widely distributed cap

On January ane, 2012, a grouping of Trump supporters filed paperwork with the Texas Secretary of Country's office to create the "Make America Great Again Party", which would have immune Trump to be that party'south nominee if he had decided to become a third-party candidate in the 2012 presidential election.[27] Trump himself began using the slogan formally on November 7, 2012, the day after Barack Obama won his reelection against Manus Romney. Past his own account, Trump first considered "We Will Make America Great", just did not experience like information technology had the right "ring" to it. "Make America Cracking" was his next slogan idea, simply upon farther reflection, he felt that information technology was a slight to America considering it implied that America was never great. After selecting "Make America Great Again", Trump immediately had an attorney register it. (Trump subsequently said he was unaware of Reagan's utilize in 1980 until 2015, but noted that "he didn't trademark it.")[28] On November 12 he signed an application with the United States Patent and Trademark Office requesting exclusive rights to utilise the slogan for political purposes. It was registered equally a service mark on July 14, 2015, after Trump formally began his 2016 presidential entrada and demonstrated that he was using the slogan for the purpose stated on the application.[29] [28] [30] Trump used the slogan in public equally early equally Baronial 2013, in an interview with Jonathan Karl.[31]

Banner displaying "Vote To Make America Neat Over again" on a roadside in California shortly after the Nov 2016 election

Trump wearing a "Keep America Slap-up" lid in December 2019

During the 2016 campaign, Trump often used the slogan, peculiarly past wearing hats emblazoned with the phrase in white letters, which before long became pop among his supporters.[32] The slogan was so of import to the entrada that at ane point it spent more on making the hats – sold for $25 each on its website – than on polling, consultants, or television commercials. Millions were sold, and Trump estimated that counterfeit versions outnumbered the real hat ten to 1. "...only information technology was a slogan, and every time somebody buys 1, that's an advertisement."[28]

Post-obit Trump's election, the website of his presidential transition was established at greatagain.gov.[33] Trump said in 2017 and 2018 that the slogan of his 2020 reelection campaign would be "Keep America Corking" and he sought to trademark information technology.[28] [34] However, Trump'southward 2020 campaign continued to use the "Make America Great Again" slogan.[35] Trump's vice president, Mike Pence, used the phrase "brand America great again, again" in his 2020 Republican National Convention oral communication, garnering ridicule.[36] In late 2021, this phrase became the name of a pro-Trump Super-PAC, which was likewise mocked.[37]

Less than a week subsequently Trump left office, he spoke to advisors almost mayhap establishing a third party, which he suggested might exist named either the "Patriot Party" or "Make America Bully Again Party". In his get-go few days out of function, he likewise supported Arizona state political party chairwoman Kelli Ward, who too chosen for the creation of a "MAGA Political party". In late January 2021, the former president viewed the proposed MAGA Political party every bit leverage to prevent Republican senators from voting to captive him during the Senate impeachment trial, and to field challengers to Republicans who voted for his impeachment in the House.[38] [39]

[edit]

Donald Trump took the campaign slogan to social media (primarily to Twitter), using the hashtags #makeamericagreatagain and its acronym #maga. In response to criticism regarding his frequent and untraditional usage of social media, Trump defended himself by tweeting "My use of social media is not Presidential – information technology's Mod Mean solar day PRESIDENTIAL. Make America Bully Over again!" on July 1, 2017.[twoscore]

In the outset half of 2017, Trump repeated his slogan on Twitter 33 times.[41] In an article for Bloomberg News, Mark Whitehouse noted "A regression analysis suggests the phrase adds (very roughly) 51,000 to a postal service's retweet-and-favorite count, which is of import given that the boilerplate Trump tweet attracts a total of 107,000."[41]

Trump attributed his victory (in office) to social media when he said "I won the 2016 election with interviews, speeches, and social media."[42] Co-ordinate to RiteTag,[43] the estimated hourly statistics for #maga on Twitter alone include: 1,304 unique tweets, 5,820,000 hashtag exposure, and 3,424 retweets with 14% of #maga tweets including images, 55% including links, and 51% including mentions.[43]

Donald Trump gear up his Twitter account in March 2009. His follower-count increased significantly following the annunciation (June 16, 2015) of his intention to run for president in the 2016 presidential ballot, with peculiarly notable spikes occurring subsequently his securing the Republican Party nomination (May 3, 2016) and later winning the presidency.[44]

Accusations of racism [edit]

Regarding its use since 2015, it is considered a loaded phrase. Marissa Melton, a Voice of America journalist, among others,[5] [6] explained how information technology is a loaded phrase because it "doesn't just appeal to people who hear it as racist coded linguistic communication, merely also to those who have felt a loss of condition as other groups take get more empowered."[iv] As Sarah Churchwell explains, the slogan at present resonates as America First did in the early 1940s, with the thought "that the true version of America is the America that looks like me, the American fantasy I imagine existed earlier it was diluted with other races and other people."[45]

Writing opinion for the Los Angeles Times, Robin Abcarian wrote that "[w]earing a 'Make America Great Once again' hat is not necessarily an overt expression of racism. Merely if you wear one, it'due south a pretty expert indication that you share, admire or capeesh President Trump'due south racist views about Mexicans, Muslims and border walls."[vi] The Detroit Free Press and the Los Angeles Times reported how several of their readers rejected this characterization and did not believe the slogan or MAGA hats are evidence of racism, seeing them more in patriotic or American nationalist terms.[46] [47] Nicholas Goldberg described the slogan every bit "fabulous", writing: "It was vague enough to entreatment to optimists generally, while leaving plenty of room for bitter and resentful voters to conclude that we were finally going dorsum to the days when they ran the earth."[48] Polling has shown that about ten percent of black voters identified as Trump supporters,[49] [ non-primary source needed ] while about 30 percent of Hispanic voters identified as Trump supporters.[fifty] [ improve source needed ]

Use past others [edit]

In politics [edit]

Political commentator and author Peter Beinart published a 2006 book titled The Skillful Fight: Why Liberals – and Only Liberals – Can Win the War on Terror and Make America Neat Again [51] cartoon on the philosophy of theologian Reinhold Niebuhr after the Invasion of Republic of iraq and early years of the War on Terror. In 2011, Christine O'Donnell published a volume about her Republican Senate campaign in the 2010 Delaware special election titled Troublemaker: Let's Do What It Takes To Make America Great Once again.[52]

After Donald Trump popularized the apply of the phrase, the phrase and modifications of it were widely used in reference both to his ballot entrada and to his politics. Trump's primary opponents, Ted Cruz and Scott Walker, began using "Brand America Great Again" in speeches, inciting Trump to transport finish-and-desist messages to them.[28] Cruz later sold hats featuring, "Make Trump Debate Again", in response to Trump's boycotting the Iowa Jan 28, 2016 debate.[53] The phrase has also been parodied in political statements, such as "Make America Mexico Over again", a critique of Trump's clearing policies regarding the U.S.–Mexico border.[54] [55]

Apply by political rivals [edit]

New York Governor Andrew Cuomo said America "was never that neat" during a September 2018 nib signing.[56] [57] Former US Attorney General Eric Holder questioned the slogan in a March 2019 interview on MSNBC, asking: "Exactly when did y'all call back America was corking?"[58] [59] During John McCain'due south memorial service on September 1, 2018, his daughter Meghan stated: "The America of John McCain has no need to exist made keen once more because America was e'er great."[60] Trump subsequently tweeted "Make AMERICA Bully AGAIN!" later that day.[61]

Use past hate groups [edit]

A 2018 study using text mining and semantic network analytics of Twitter text and hashtags networks establish that the "#MakeAmericaGreatAgain" and "#MAGA" hashtags were commonly used by white supremacist and white nationalist users, and had been used every bit "an organizing discursive space" for far-correct extremists globally.[62]

Other countries [edit]

In June 2017, Emmanuel Macron, President of France, rebuked Trump over withdrawing from the Paris Agreement. The final sentence of the oral communication delivered by him was "make our planet great once again."[63]

During his campaign for the 2019 Indonesian presidential ballot in October 2018, quondam opposition leader Prabowo Subianto used the phrase "make Republic of indonesia not bad again", though he denied having copied Trump.[64]

During the Swedish European Parliament election in May 2019, the Swedish Christian Democratic Party used the slogan "Make EU Lagom Again".[65] [66]

February 2019 Fridays for Future protest in Berlin with the line "Brand Globe Greta Again"

Members of the Fridays for Future Movement have oft used slogans like "Make Earth Greta Over again", referring to activist Greta Thunberg.[67] In 2019, Grant Armour and Milene Larsson co-directed a documentary flick named Make the World Greta Again.[68]

In pop culture [edit]

Rap-rock supergroup Prophets of Rage displaying a "Make America Rage Once again" phase backdrop reminiscent of the "Make America Great Again" catchphrase as it appears on a MAGA chapeau

The phrase and its variants are widely used and parodied in media.

Adult entertainment [edit]

  • Adult moving-picture show star Stormy Daniels, who allegedly had an thing with President Trump, took office in a "Make America Horny Again" strip club tour. The bout followed Trump's initial 2016 campaign trail and part of the revenue was donated to Planned Parenthood.[69]

Advertizing [edit]

  • A Dunk-a-roos marketing campaign used the slogan "Make America Dunk Once more".[lxx]

Artwork [edit]

  • Make Everything Great Again was a street art landscape by artist Mindaugas Bonanu in Vilnius, Lithuania.[71] [72]

Comedy [edit]

  • Comedian David Cross's 2016 stand-up tour was titled "Making America Great Again".[73]

Conventions and events [edit]

  • In 2016, two Dragon Con cosplayers claiming an clan with Adult Swim and Cartoon Network, and dressed equally the Globe Trade Center during the September 11 attacks, wore "Make FishCenter Great Again" hats.[74] [75] [76]

Fashion [edit]

  • Fashion Designer Andre Soriano used the "Make America Great Over again" Official presidential entrada Flag to design a MAGA Gown for celebrities in Hollywood to clothing on Cherry Rug e.g. 2017 Grammy Awards.[77]

Films [edit]

  • In Hot Fuzz (2007), Inspector Frank Butterman says "Make Sandford Great Again" to Sergeant Nicholas Angel.[78]
  • In Holmes & Watson (2018), Sherlock Holmes wears a "Make England Great Again" fez hat in one scene.[79]
  • The Syfy film Sharknado 5: Global Swarming (2017) was released with the tagline "Make America Bait Again".[80]
  • The tagline for The Purge: Election Year (2016) is "Keep America Great" (a phrase Trump would later use equally his 2020 entrada slogan); one of the Tv set spots for the moving picture featured Americans who explained why they back up the Purge, with one stating he does so "to go on my land [America] great".[81] The next pic in the franchise, The First Purge, was later on advertised with a poster featuring its title stylized on a MAGA hat.[82]
  • The character Paul in Da 5 Bloods is an gorging Trump supporter and sports a MAGA lid throughout the film.[83]

Games [edit]

  • In Assassin'southward Creed Odyssey (2018), Cleon says "Brand Athens Bully Again" during his campaign against Pericles.
  • In the video game Mortal Kombat 11 (2019), Shao Kahn urges Mortal Kombat11 newcomer Kollector to "make Outworld great once more".
  • The video game Wolfenstein: The New Colossus (2017) used "Brand America Nazi-Gratis Again" in its marketing campaign.[84]
  • In Metallic Gear Rising: Revengeance (2013), Senator Steven Armstrong uses the phrase "Make America Great Again" during his speech while battling Raiden.[85]

Music [edit]

  • Fall Out Boy released a remix of their album American Beauty/American Psycho titled Make America Psycho Over again.[86]
  • Rapper Kevin Gates released a song in 2018 called Yard.A.T.A, meaning Brand America Trap Again.[87]
  • Make America Rock Again was a rock concert bout.[88]
  • Rap rock supergroup Prophets of Rage, consisting of members of Rage Against the Machine, Public Enemy and Cypress Hill, called their 2017 nationwide tour the "Make America Rage Again Bout", using a stage backdrop reminiscent of a MAGA hat.
  • Britain musician and author James Kennedy released a stone protestation anthology in 2020 chosen 'Make Anger Great Once again'[89]
  • Snoop Dogg released a song titled "Make America Crip Over again".[90]
  • Frank Turner released a vocal called "Brand America Swell Again" on his album Be More than Kind (2018).
  • Singer Joy Villa produced a single "Make America Great Once again" a few months after appearing at the 2017 Grammy Awards in a 'MAGA' dress.[91]
  • Rapper Lil Wayne wore a hat saying Make America Skate once again in Take a chance the Rapper's video No Problem
  • Hip Hop Producer Zaytoven released an anthology titled Make America Trap Again (2019), with cover art inspired by the Barack Obama "Hope" affiche.[92]
  • Russian activists and artists Pussy Riot released a vocal titled Brand America Great Over again.[93]
  • Metallic band Thy Fine art Is Murder released a vocal called "Make America Hate Once again" on their anthology Human Target (2019). They also sell a hat with the slogan "Make Deathcore Slap-up Again".

Sports [edit]

  • Then-Washington Nationals baseball outfielder Bryce Harper wore a hat saying "Make Baseball Fun Over again" during a postgame interview in 2016.

Books and Publications [edit]

  • Author Octavia Due east. Butler used "Make America Dandy Once again" every bit the presidential campaign slogan for a character, Andrew Steele Jarret, in her 1998 dystopian novel, Parable of the Talents.[94] Jarret is described equally "a demagogue, a rabble-rouser, and a hypocrite [who] pulled religion and government together and cemented the link with money from rich businessmen".[95]
  • Writer Andre Louis wrote and published "Make America Date Again",[96] a satirical book on dating and relationships.

Television [edit]

  • John Oliver spoofed the slogan on his show Concluding Week Tonight with John Oliver in a segment dedicated to Trump, urging viewers to "Make Donald Drumpf Again", in reference to the original ancestral proper noun of the Trump family.[97] [98] The segment bankrupt HBO viewership records, garnering 85 one thousand thousand views.[98]
  • In the South Park episode "Where My Land Gone?" (2015), supporters of Mr. Garrison, who runs a campaign that is a parody of Trump's, are seen holding signs bearing the slogan.[99]
  • In the Star Expedition: Discovery episode "What's By Is Prologue" (2018), Gabriel Lorca vows to "make the Empire glorious again", a line that was compared to Trump by many reviewers.[100] [101] [102] [103]

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ Pronunciation used past Trump.[ane]

References [edit]

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External links [edit]

  • Reagan at the 1980 GOP convention

starrtheannigully.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again

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